Laboratory measurements of the radiation background are carried out for the purpose of monitoring radiation safety and assessing the level of ionizing radiation.
What parameters are measured:
- Strength of the exposure dose (PED) gamma radiation: It is measured in microsieverts per hour (μSv/year) or micro-X-rays per hour (microR/year). This indicator characterizes the current level of gamma radiation.
- Beta particle flux density: The number of particles per unit area per unit time is measured.
- Activity of radionuclides in samples: The concentration of individual radionuclides is determined (for example, cesium-137, strontium-90) in water samples, soil, air, food products, etc.
- Accumulated dose (individual dosimeters): It is measured over a certain period of time to assess individual exposure.
Specialized equipment and methods are used for laboratory measurements of the radiation background.
Normative levels of radiation background in Ukraine:
According to current regulations, the natural radiation background in Ukraine is usually 0,1-0,2 μSv/year. The permissible level of radiation can reach to 0,5 μSv/year, and the maximum permissible level in the premises is 0,3 μSv/year.