Sunflower oil is subject to mandatory laboratory quality and safety control in accordance with the standards in force in Ukraine, in particular DSTU 4492:2017 Sunflower oil. Technical conditions.
The main indicators, which are determined during the laboratory analysis of sunflower oil:
- Organoleptic indicators:
- Transparency (the presence of sediment).
- Taste and smell (absence of extraneous tastes and smells).
- Color number (color intensity).
- Physico-chemical parameters:
- Acid number (indicator of freshness and degree of hydrolysis of fats).
- Peroxide number (index of fat oxidation).
- Mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances.
- The mass fraction of non-fat impurities.
- Mass fraction of phosphorus-containing substances (phospholipid content).
- Iodine number (degree of unsaturation of fatty acids).
- Anisidine number (indicator of secondary oxidation products, for refined oils).
- The content of wax and wax-like substances (for unrefined oils).
- Degree of transparency (pheometers).
- Safety indicators:
- The content of toxic elements (Heavy metals: lead, cadmium, mercury).
- The content of mycotoxins (aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, etc.).
- Pesticide residues.
- Content of radionuclides (cesium-137, strontium-90).
- The presence of GMOs (if necessary).
- Benz(а)pyrene.
- Dioxins and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls).
Methods of laboratory analysis:
Various methods are used to determine these indicators, regulated by state standards and other regulatory documents. Among them:
- Organoleptic analysis: Color evaluation, smell and taste with the help of senses.
- Titrimetric methods: To determine acid and peroxide numbers.
- Spectrophotometric methods: To determine the color number, anisidine number.
- Gravimetric methods: To determine the mass fraction of moisture and non-fat impurities.
- Extraction methods: To determine the mass fraction of fat and phosphorus-containing substances.
- Gas chromatography: To determine the fatty acid composition, Pesticide residues, mineral oils.
- High pressure liquid chromatography (TOP): To determine mycotoxins, Benz(а)pyrene.
- Atomic absorption spectrometry: To determine heavy metals.
- Radiometric methods: To determine the content of radionuclides.
- Enzyme immunoassay (IFA) and PCR: To detect GMOs.
The results of laboratory studies are the basis for assessing the quality and safety of sunflower oil, its compliance with established standards and suitability for consumption.
